nasin len pi jan mute li awen ala awen lon tenpo sike 30? (mute la ala. taso mi kama pona mute)

2026-10-11

nanpa li ante lon toki pi jan ante. jan mute li toki e ni: ona li open e toki ni. taso toki ni li lon: “nasin len o awen e sona lon tenpo sike 30. utala suli lon kin la ona o pakala ala.” ni li nasin pona tawa jan mute. sona li wile awen len lon tenpo suli la nasin len ona o awen lon tenpo ni. tan ni la mi wile lukin e tenpo pini pi nasin len (tan utala suli nanpa tu pi ma ale tawa tenpo ni), e tenpo sike pi kama suli pi nasin wan wan. mi wile sona e ni: nasin seme li awen lon tenpo sike 30?

nimi “kama suli” en nimi “pakala” li ken toki e ijo mute. lipu ni la “kama suli” li ni: “kulupu lawa wan (kulupu seme kin) li pana e nasin ni lon lipu lawa ona lon tenpo sike ni.” lipu lawa li lon ala la ona li ni: “ilo suli li open kepeken nasin ni lon tenpo sike ni. tan ni la jan mute li kama kepeken ona.” “pakala” li ni: jan li kama jo e ilo open anu toki open tan sona pi nasin ni lon tenpo nanpa wan. (nasin pi nanpa lipu la pakala li ni: jan li pali e lipu tu pi nanpa lipu sama.)

toki pona li kama nanpa wan: tenpo sike 1996¹ li tenpo sike 30 pini lon tenpo pi sitelen ni. nasin len ale pi kulupu lawa lon tenpo sike ni anu tenpo kama ona la nasin wan ala li pakala.

toki ike li ni: nasin mute li suli tan tenpo sike 30. ona mute la mute suli li pakala.

ilo Enigma: pakala

jan li open esun e ilo Enigma nanpa wan lon tenpo sike 1923. open la ona li tawa kulupu esun. ona li jo e nimi ike tan ni: kulupu lawa Nazi pi ma Tosi li kepeken ona lon utala suli nanpa tu pi ma ale. pakala pi jan kepeken li pona mute e pali pi jan alasa. ni li ken sama: kulupu len pi ma Posuka li pakala e ona tan ni: jan kepeken li sitelen e nimi open pi lipu wan lon tenpo tu. taso utala nanpa wan lon nasin pi tenpo ni (jan utala li sona e toki open e toki len, li alasa e ilo open) tawa kepeken pona li kama lon tenpo sike 1940. ilo Bombe pi jan Turing en jan Welchman li pali e ni.

ilo len Type B: pakala

ilo “System 97 Typewriter for European Characters” anu “Type B Cipher Machine” li ilo len. jan Mewika li pana e nimi “Purple” tawa ona. kulupu lawa pi ma ante pi ma Nijon li kepeken ona lon utala suli nanpa tu pi ma ale. toki ale li kepeken sitelen Latina 26. ilo linja li kipisi e sitelen 26 tawa kulupu tu: kulupu pi sitelen 6 en kulupu pi sitelen 20. kulupu 6 (“sixes”) la ilo li ante e sitelen kepeken supa ante pi suli 6 × 25. kulupu 20 (“twenties”) la ilo li ante e sitelen kepeken supa ante 3 pi suli 20 × 25, wan la wan. ona li pakala ale lon tenpo sike 1940: jan Genevieve Grotjan li lukin e nasin pi kulupu 20 (kulupu 6 li pakala lon tenpo pini mute).

nasin len Lorenz: pakala

ilo Lorenz SZ40 (en ilo SZ42 pi tenpo kama) li ilo len tawa ilo sitelen weka. tomo Bletchley Park li pana e nimi “Tunny” tawa ona. kulupu lawa sewi pi kulupu utala pi ma Tosi li kepeken ona tawa toki sewi nanpa wan ona. ona li open pali lon tenpo sike 1941. sitelen wan li jo e nanpa lili 5 (nanpa lili li 0 anu 1. toki Inli la ona li “bit”). ilo li wan e sitelen wan e sitelen len wan kepeken nasin XOR. sike 12 li pali e sitelen len: sike “chi” 5 li tawa lon sitelen ale, sike “psi” 5 li tawa lon nasin nasa, sike tawa 2 li lawa e tenpo tawa pi sike “psi”. tenpo suno 1941-08-30 la jan kepeken pi ma Tosi li pana e toki wan pi sitelen 4,000 lon tenpo tu. ona li kepeken nasin sama, li ante lili e nimi. jan John Tiltman li kepeken toki tu ni, li kama jo e toki open e sitelen len ale. tenpo mun 1942-01 la jan Bill Tutte li sona e nasin insa ale pi ilo ni tan sitelen len ni taso. jan ala pi tomo Bletchley li lukin e ilo ni lon tenpo ona. sama ilo Enigma la pakala nanpa wan li tan pakala pi jan kepeken. taso tenpo sike sama la tomo Bletchley li ken lukin e toki pona kepeken luka taso. tenpo sike 1944 la ilo Colossus li pali e utala ni kepeken jan ala.

ilo SIGABA: awen

ilo SIGABA (nimi ni li tan kulupu utala ma. kulupu utala telo li toki e nimi “ECM Mark II”) li ilo len sewi pi ma Mewika lon utala suli nanpa tu pi ma ale. ona li open pali lon tenpo sike 1941. ona li ilo sike sama ilo Enigma. taso sike pi ilo Enigma li tawa sama ilo nanpa pi tomo tawa. ilo SIGABA li jo e sike 15 lon kulupu 3 pi sike 5. kulupu wan li len e toki. kulupu tu ante li pali e ni taso: ona li pana e nasin tawa nasa tawa kulupu nanpa wan. tan ni la jan li luka e nena wan la sike len 1 tawa 4 li tawa. tenpo pali ona la jan ala li pakala e ilo SIGABA. tenpo pali ni li awen tawa tenpo sike 1950 en tenpo kama ona. utala nanpa wan pi ken kepeken li lon lipu pi jan George Lasry tan tenpo sike 2021: jan utala li sona e sitelen 100 pi toki open la ona li kama jo e ilo open kepeken ilo sona pi tomo jan lon tenpo suno wan ala. ni li tenpo sike 80 lon monsi pi open ona. tan ni la ilo SIGABA li ilo wan taso pi wawa linja lon lipu ni. ona taso li pali pona e pali ona.

nasin DES: pakala

jan li pana e nasin Data Encryption Standard lon lipu lawa FIPS 46 lon tenpo mun 1977-01. ona li nasin Lucifer pi kulupu IBM, taso jan li ante lili e ona, li lili e ilo open tawa nanpa lili 56. jan li toki ike e suli pi ilo open lon tenpo sama (jan Diffie en jan Hellman li toki e ni lon tenpo sike sama: ilo pi mani Mewika 20,000,000 li ken alasa e ilo open ale lon tenpo suno wan). taso tenpo sike 20 la jan ala li pali e ni tawa jan ale. tenpo mun 1997-06 la pali DESCHALL li pali e ni: ona li kepeken tenpo pali ala pi ilo sona mute mute lon linluwi, li alasa e ilo open ale, li kama jo e ilo open, li anpa e utala “DES Challenge” pi kulupu RSA Security. tenpo sike wan la ilo “Deep Crack” pi kulupu EFF li kama. ona li ilo pi pali ni taso. mani ona li lili tan mani Mewika 250,000. ona li kama jo e ilo open lon tenpo ilo 56. tenpo sike 20.

nasin A5/1: pakala

nasin A5/1 li nasin len pi toki kalama lon linluwi GSM. linluwi GSM li open esun lon tenpo sike 1991 (lipu lawa li lon ala). nasin insa ona li kama tawa jan ale lon tenpo sike 1994 tan jan pana len. tenpo sike 1999 la jan li lukin e ilo toki, li kama sona e nasin ale. ona li wan e ilo 3 pi linja nanpa (nasin LFSR) pi suli 19 en 22 en 23. nasin pi mute suli li tawa e ona lon nasin nasa. ale la ona li jo e nanpa lili 64 (open la ilo mute li pana e 0 tawa nanpa lili 10 pi nanpa 64 pi ilo open). jan li sona e nasin la utala pi tomo sona li kama. utala pi jan Biryukov en jan Shamir en jan Wagner tan tenpo sike 2000 li suli. taso pakala nanpa wan pi ken kepeken lon tawa jan ale li pali “A5/1 Cracking Project” pi jan Karsten Nohl. tenpo mun 2009-12 la ona li pana e supa nanpa (“rainbow table”) pi suli 2 TB. jan li kepeken supa ni la ona li kama jo e ilo open pi toki kalama awen lon tenpo lili. taso linluwi 2G li awen la nasin A5/1 li awen pali lon tenpo ni.

nasin MD5: pakala

jan Ron Rivest li pana e nasin MD5 lon lipu RFC 1321 lon tenpo mun 1992-04. ona li nasin MD4 sin pi wawa mute. ona li pana e nanpa lipu pi nanpa lili 128. tan ni la alasa pi lipu tu pi nanpa sama o wile e pali 2⁶⁴. tenpo sike 1996 la jan Hans Dobbertin li kama jo e lipu tu pi nanpa sama tan ilo insa ona taso. taso lipu tu pi nanpa sama tan nasin ale li kama lon kulupu CRYPTO lon tenpo mun 2004-08. jan Xiaoyun Wang en jan Dengguo Feng en jan Xuejia Lai en jan Hongbo Yu li pali e ni. tenpo sike 12. tenpo kama la ona li kama ike mute: tenpo sike 2008 la jan li ken pali e lipu tu pi open ante pi nanpa sama. ni li ken pali e kulupu pana lipu pi lon ala. ilo ike Flame li kepeken ni, li pali e lipu pi lon ala pi kulupu Microsoft tawa sitelen nimi pi toki ilo. tenpo ni la ilo sona pi supa noka li pali e lipu tu pi nanpa sama lon tenpo lili tan tenpo lili wan.

nasin RC4: pakala

jan Ron Rivest li pali e nasin RC4 lon tenpo sike 1987. kulupu RSA Data Security li awen len e ona. tenpo sike 1994 la jan pi nimi ala li pana e toki ilo ona tawa kulupu lipu Cypherpunks. lipu lawa li lon ala. tan ni la mi open nanpa lon tenpo sike 1995: tenpo ni la ona li lon nasin SSL pi kulupu Netscape. ona li nasin len pi pona lili mute: ona li jo e nasin ante pi nanpa 256. ilo open li ante e nasin ni. ilo li ante e nanpa tu lon tenpo wan, li pali e sitelen len. tenpo sike 2001 la jan li kama jo e ilo open lon tenpo nanpa wan: jan Fluhrer en jan Mantin en jan Shamir li lukin e ni: nasin WEP li pana e nanpa IV open lon sinpin pi ilo open awen. tan ni la sitelen len nanpa wan li pana e ilo open. jan Stubblefield en jan Ioannidis en jan Rubin li pali e utala ni tawa ilo lon kepeken tenpo suno lili. sina wile ala toki e ni: “nasin WEP li pakala, nasin RC4 li pakala ala” la o lukin e ni: tenpo sike 2013 la jan li kama jo e toki open tan nasin RC4 lon nasin TLS. tenpo sike 2015 la utala RC4 NOMORE li ken open e lipu lili pi ilo lukin (“cookie”) lon tenpo ilo 75. tenpo sike 6. sina pona mute la tenpo sike 18.

nasin RSA-512: pakala

nasin RSA li tan tenpo sike 1977. taso awen ona li tan suli pi nanpa suli ona taso. tan ni la suli wan wan li ijo wan lon lipu ni. lipu lawa Privacy Enhanced Mail, lipu RFC 1423 tan tenpo mun 1993-02, li ken e nanpa suli pi nanpa lili 508 tawa 1024. nanpa lili 512 li suli pi jan mute. kin la lawa pi ma Mewika li toki e ni: ilo li tawa ma ante la nasin SSL li ken ala kepeken suli ante. tenpo mun 1999-08 la kulupu pi jan Herman te Riele li kipisi e nanpa RSA-155. ni li nanpa utala pi nanpa lili 512. ona li kepeken nasin GNFS lon ilo sona 300 en ilo Cray wan tawa pali supa. tenpo sike 6. tenpo sike 2015 la pali “Factoring as a Service” li pali e ijo sama lon tenpo ilo 4 ala kepeken mani Mewika 75 pi ilo sona weka. kin la ilo pana mute li awen kepeken ilo open pi nanpa lili 512 pi nasin tawa ma ante. tan ni la utala FREAK li pali.

nasin RSA-1024: awen

lipu RFC 1423 sama li pana e nanpa lili 1024 sama suli sewi ona lon tenpo sike 1993. tenpo kama la 1024 li suli pi jan ale. kulupu NIST li weka e ona lon tenpo sike 2013. tenpo sike 33 li tawa. jan ala li kipisi e nanpa RSA pi nanpa lili 1024 tawa jan ale. tan ni la ona li awen. ona li awen lon tenpo ni. taso jan wan li wile e ni, li pana e mani tawa tenpo pi ilo GPU la mi pilin e ni: pakala li kama lon tenpo lili. nanpa suli pi kipisi lon tawa jan ale li awen lon nanpa lili 829 (nanpa RSA-250) tan tenpo mun 2020-02 tawa tenpo mun pini. tenpo mun pini la ona li tawa tu lon tenpo suno 16. jan Eric Lu li kipisi e nanpa RSA-260 pi nanpa lili 862 lon tenpo suno 2026-09-03. jan Stephen Weis li kipisi e nanpa RSA-896 lon tenpo suno 2026-09-19. tu ni li kepeken ilo GNFS tawa ilo GPU. ilo pali pi toki ilo (ilo sona pi toki jan) li sitelen e mute pi toki ilo ni. mi suli e nanpa tan pali tu ni la kipisi pi nanpa lili 1024 li wile e tenpo sike 1,000 pi ilo GPU wan, anu mani Mewika 30,000,000. ante la kulupu pi tomo sona UC San Diego li pali e sitelen nimi pi lon ala pi nasin RSA pi nanpa lili 1024. ona li kipisi e ala. taso open la utala ni li wile e wile 2³² tawa ilo pi sitelen nimi pi selo ala. ni li pakala tawa sina la nasin RSA-1024 li pakala lon tenpo sike 33. nasin tu la ona li awen lon tenpo sike 30.

nasin SHA-1: pakala

kulupu NIST li pana e nasin SHA-1 lon lipu lawa FIPS 180-1 lon tenpo mun 1995-04. ona li nasin SHA open tan tenpo sike 1993 (tenpo ni la nimi ona li SHA-0), taso jan li ante e sike wan. kulupu NSA li weka e nasin SHA-0 tan pakala wan. ona li toki ala e pakala ni. nanpa lipu ona li jo e nanpa lili 160. tan ni la lipu tu pi nanpa sama o wile e pali 2⁸⁰. tenpo sike 2005 la jan Xiaoyun Wang en jan Yiqun Lisa Yin en jan Hongbo Yu li pana lukin e utala pi sona taso pi pali 2⁶⁹. nanpa ni li awen kama lili. taso lipu tu lon pi nanpa sama li kama lon tenpo mun 2017-02 taso. jan Marc Stevens en kulupu pi tomo CWI en kulupu Google li pana e utala SHAttered: lipu PDF tu li ante, taso nanpa SHA-1 ona li sama. ona li kepeken pali SHA-1 2⁶³ (tenpo sike 6,500 pi ilo CPU wan en tenpo sike 110 pi ilo GPU wan). tenpo sike 22. pakala ni li poka nanpa wan tawa awen lon lipu ni.

nasin 3DES: pakala

nasin Triple DES li pali e nasin DES lon tenpo 3 kepeken ilo open 2 anu 3 pi ante ale. ni li pona e pakala pi ilo open pi nanpa lili 56, li ken kepeken ilo kiwen DES ale pi tenpo pini. nasin ni li suli sama nasin DES. taso lipu lawa tawa kepeken ale la mi open nanpa lon lipu RFC 1851 lon tenpo sike 1995. jan ala li kama jo e ilo open 3DES. ilo open 3 la utala pona nanpa wan li awen wile e pali 2¹¹². taso nasin 3DES li jo e pakala sama pi nasin DES: poki ona li jo e nanpa lili 64 taso. tenpo mun 2016-08 la jan Karthikeyan Bhargavan en jan Gaëtan Leurent li pana e utala Sweet32. ona li tan ni: ilo open wan li len e poki 2³² lon nasin CBC la toki open li open kama tawa lukin. ona li awen e sona 610 GB lon tenpo ilo 30.5 tan linja 3DES, li kama jo e lipu lili pi ilo lukin pi nasin HTTPS. tenpo sike 21. kulupu NIST li weka e nasin 3DES tawa len lon tenpo sike 2023.

nasin ECC P-256: pakala ala lon tenpo ni (tenpo sike 26, li awen kama)

nasin P-256 (nimi ante ona li secp256r1 anu prime256v1) li linja leko (toki Inli la “elliptic curve”) pi nanpa lili 256. kulupu NIST li pana e ona lon lipu lawa FIPS 186-2 lon tenpo sike 2000. tenpo ni la ona li pali e mute pi ilo open ante en sitelen nimi lon linluwi. utala pona nanpa wan tawa jan ale lon nanpa pi linja leko li utala pi nasin ale. nanpa suli tawa linja leko pi ma nanpa wan li nanpa lili 112. jan li pali e ni lon tenpo sike 2009 kepeken kulupu pi ilo musi PlayStation 3. nanpa lili 2 li kama la pali li kama tu. tan ni la nanpa lili 256 li weka 2⁷². toki ike awen pi nasin P-256 li ni: jan ala li sona e tan pi nanpa open ona. taso jan li lukin lon tenpo sike 26, li kama jo e pakala ala. ike lon li nasin pi jan Shor. tenpo sike ni la nanpa lili pi ilo sona Kuwantun (toki Inli la “qubit”) tawa pakala pi linja leko pi nanpa lili 256 li kama lili mute: tan ijo lili 500,000 ala pi tenpo lili (kulupu Google, tenpo mun 3) tawa ijo lili 20,000 pi tenpo suno 26 (kulupu IonQ, tenpo mun 9). ilo tu ni li lon ala. nasin P-256 o awen tawa tenpo sike 2030.

nasin AES: pakala ala lon tenpo ni (tenpo sike 25, li awen kama)

nasin Rijndael pi jan Joan Daemen en jan Vincent Rijmen li anpa e utala open pi kulupu NIST, li kama nasin Advanced Encryption Standard lon lipu lawa FIPS 197 lon tenpo mun 2001-11. utala ni li ante e nasin pali. mi pilin e ni: tan ni la kipisi ni pi lipu ni li ante mute tan kipisi open: nasin li kama tawa jan ale lon tenpo pi kepeken ala, li wile awen tan utala open. nasin li kama ala tan kulupu sewi len. utala pona nanpa wan tawa nasin ale li utala “biclique” tan tenpo sike 2011 pi jan Bogdanov en jan Khovratovich en jan Rechberger. ona li kama jo e ilo open AES-128 kepeken pali 2^126.1, kepeken ala pali 2¹²⁸. ni li ante lili mute. utala pi pakala lon li awen pini lon sike 7 pi sike 10 pi nasin AES-128. ona li awen lon ni lon tenpo sike 10 en mute (wan li kama lili 200 tawa 800 lon tenpo mun 7 ni. taso ona li awen weka mute tan ken kepeken). pakala ale lon ma lon li tan pakala pi pali ilo, mute la tan nasin poka pi tenpo pi poki awen. ilo kiwen pi nasin AES li weka e ike ni. ona o awen tawa tenpo mun 2031-11.

nasin SHA-256: pakala ala lon tenpo ni (tenpo sike 24, li awen kama)

nasin SHA-256 li lon kulupu SHA-2. lipu lawa FIPS 180-2 li pana e ona lon tenpo mun 2002-08. nasin insa ona li sama nasin MD5 en nasin SHA-1, taso ona li suli, li nasa. tan ni la utala pi jan Wang li kama la jan li pilin monsuta. tan ni kin la kulupu NIST li pali e utala SHA-3 tawa awen. awen ni li wile ala lon tenpo ni. tan tenpo sike 2013 tawa tenpo sike ni la utala pona nanpa wan pi lipu tu pi nanpa sama li kama tawa sike 31 pi sike 64 pi nasin SHA-256. tenpo ni la ni li open tawa: lipu pi tenpo sike 2026 li kama tawa sike 37, li kama tawa sike 38 kepeken sona taso. sike 35 la ona li pana e lipu tu lon pi nanpa sama. ijo li tawa. taso sike 26 li awen. ona o awen tawa tenpo sike 2032.

nasin RSA-2048: pakala ala lon tenpo ni (tenpo sike 21, li awen kama)

ilo open RSA pi nanpa lili 2048 li ken lon tenpo ale: jan li ken awen lon tenpo pali ona la ona li ken pali e ona. taso mi kepeken tenpo sike 2005: tenpo ni la lipu SP 800-57 pi kulupu NIST li toki e ni tawa jan ale: “tenpo sike 2010 li pini la o weka tan 1024, o tawa 2048.” nasin pi ilo sona Kuwantun ala la ona li weka mute tan pakala. nanpa suli li kipisi pi nanpa lili 896 tan tenpo mun pini. nasin GNFS la nanpa lili 2048 li wile e pali pi mute 35,000,000,000 tan ni. tan ni la nanpa suli pi tenpo mun 9 li pilin monsuta e nasin RSA-1024, li pilin ala e nasin RSA-2048. ike li nasin pi jan Shor sin. sona pi tenpo sike 2025 pi jan Craig Gidney li ni: ilo sona Kuwantun pi ijo lili jaki 1,000,000 ala li ken kipisi e nanpa suli pi nanpa lili 2048 lon tenpo suno 7 ala. tenpo sike 2019 la ona en jan Martin Ekerå li toki e ijo lili 20,000,000. ilo pi suli ni li lon ala, li poka ala. nanpa mi la nasin RSA-2048 li awen lon tenpo sike 2035. tenpo sike sama la lipu tawa pi kulupu NIST li weka e ona.

nasin ChaCha20: pakala ala lon tenpo ni (tenpo sike 11, li awen kama)

nasin ChaCha li tan jan Daniel J. Bernstein. ona li pona e nasin Salsa20 ona lon tenpo sike 2008. tenpo sike 2015 la ona li kama lipu lawa lon lipu RFC 7539. tenpo pini la kulupu Google li pana e ona lon ilo Chrome en ilo Android sama nasin pi tenpo lili tawa ilo toki pi ilo kiwen AES ala. ona li tan pali 3 taso pi nanpa lili 32: wan, sike, XOR. tan ni la jan li ken pali e ona kepeken tenpo sama lon tenpo ale. tan ni la utala pi tenpo pi poki awen li ken ala pakala e ona. utala ni li pakala e nasin AES lon ilo pi kiwen ala. ona li pona lili, li pali lon tenpo lili. taso awen ona li wawa mute a. utala pona nanpa wan tawa jan ale li kama tawa sike 7 en lili pi sike 20 ona. ilo open pi nanpa lili 256 la ona li wile e pali 2¹⁴⁸. ona li jo e tenpo tawa tenpo sike 2045.

nasin ML-KEM: pakala ala lon tenpo ni (tenpo sike 2, li awen kama)

nasin ML-KEM li jo e nimi CRYSTALS-Kyber lon tenpo pini. kulupu NIST li ante e nimi, li pana e ona lon lipu lawa FIPS 203 lon tenpo mun 2024-08. awen ona li tan nasin “module learning with errors”: jan li jo e toki nanpa mute pi nasa lili lon ma nanpa, li wile kama jo e ijo len tan ona. ona li lukin pona: jan li lukin e ko nanpa tan tenpo sike 1990 en tenpo kama ona. nasin Kyber li awen lon utala open pi tenpo sike 7 lon nasin NIST. pakala ale pi tenpo ni li pakala pi pali ilo (nasin KyberSlash li pana e sona kepeken tenpo), li pakala ala pi nasin ale. taso poka ante la nasin NIST sama li lukin e ni: jan li pakala e nasin SIKE lon tenpo ilo wan kepeken ilo sona wan pi insa wan. jan li pakala e nasin Rainbow lon tenpo suno tu kepeken ilo sona pi mani lili pi Kuwantun ala. tu ni li kama lon tenpo sike 2022, lon pini pi nasin NIST. kin la tenpo mun 7 ni la nasin HAWK pi sitelen nimi pi ko nanpa li weka lon tenpo suno wan lon monsi pi utala ni: utala li kipisi e ko nanpa pi jan utala tawa tu. utala ni ale li pilin ala e nasin ML-KEM.

nanpa pini

nasin suli la tu li awen: ilo SIGABA, en nasin RSA-1024 (lili taso). nasin 10 ante li pakala.

nasin pi tenpo ni (P-256, AES, SHA-256, RSA-2048, ChaCha20, ML-KEM) li pakala ala lon tenpo ni. nasin pi tenpo ni la mi pilin e ni: ilo sona Kuwantun li pakala e nasin P-256 e nasin RSA-2048. sona sin pi utala len li pakala ala e ona.